动物医学临床教学数据库的构建与初步应用

动物医学专业不仅要求学生掌握扎实的理论知识,还需要具有丰富的临床实践经验。为了实现该目标,除了要求授课教师对专业知识融会贯通,更需要拥有大量典型的临床病例资料。以安徽农业大学动物医院和畜禽疾病诊断中心为平台,收集大量宝贵的临床病例资料和最新的临床诊疗技术,构建了动物医学临床教学数据库,使得诊疗动物种类多样化,案例信息全面化、系统化。该数据库的建成和应用,为临床教师提供了丰富的教学素材和资料,亦提升了学生的学习兴趣,促进了动物医学专业的教育教学发展。     

非洲猪瘟疫情背景下兽医公共卫生学课程的教学策略

兽医公共卫生学是利用一切与人类和动物健康问题有关的理论知识、实践活动和物资资源,为人类健康事业服务的一门综合性应用学科,在动物性食品安全、动物疫病及人兽共患病方面发挥着重要的防线作用。针对当前我国发生的非洲猪瘟疫情,在阐述兽医公共卫生学重要性的基础上,分析了兽医公共卫生学课程的教学策略,以期打破对兽医专业认识的局限性,强化理解兽医公共卫生的意义,提升兽医公共卫生学的课程价值,并为优化教学内容、提高教学质量提供指导。     

广金钱草种苗质量标准研究

目的:制定广金钱草种苗质量分级标准.方法:通过田间试验,对28批广金钱草种苗进行质量研究,测定种苗单株的苗长、根长、苗粗、根粗、叶片数5个质量指标,利用数理统计方法,确定广金钱草种苗分级的主要指标,并制定分级标准.结果:不同批次广金钱草种苗可分为3个等级:一级种苗苗长≥10.15 cm,根长≥12.89 cm,苗粗≥1.61 cm;二级种苗苗长在6.97～10.15 cm之间,根长在10.84～12.89 cm之间,苗粗在1.45～1.61 cm之间;三级种苗苗长≥5.37 cm,根长≥8.27 cm,苗粗≥1.25 cm.结论:制定的广金钱草种苗分级标准适用于该药材的规范化生产.     

稻麦两熟制条件下钵苗机插方式对不同类型水稻品种米质的影响

为探明钵苗机插方式在稻麦两熟地区对水稻米质性状的影响及其品种类型间差异,本文以常规粳稻、杂交籼稻和籼粳交水稻为材料,比较了钵苗机插、毯苗机插和机械直播3种种植方式在稻麦两熟制高产栽培条件下的稻米加工品质、外观品质、营养品质、蒸煮食味品质特性变化及其品种类型间差异。结果表明,钵苗机插的整精米率比毯苗机插和机械直播分别提高1.6%和4.9%(P0.05),整精米产量分别提高7.8%和25.9%(P0.05),改善了稻米加工品质;与毯苗机插和机械直播相比,钵苗机插的稻米垩白米率、垩白面积和垩白度显著增加,对稻米外观品质有不利影响,但钵苗机插精米蛋白质含量较高,有利于稻米营养品质的改良,其精米蛋白质产量分别比毯苗机插和机械直播提高8.7%和28.0%;3种种植方式相比,钵苗机插稻米蒸煮食味品质表现出一定程度的变优趋势,其中,稻米直链淀粉含量、消减值和糊化温度呈钵苗机插毯苗机插机械直播的趋势,胶稠度、峰值黏度、热浆黏度、最终黏度和崩解值呈钵苗机插毯苗机插机械直播的趋势;食味值于种植方式间无显著差异,呈籼粳交水稻和常规粳稻钵苗机插毯苗机插机械直播,杂交籼稻毯苗机插钵苗机插机械直播的趋势。由此得出,钵苗机插不仅能增加稻谷产量,还能改善部分稻米品质特征,是稻麦两熟地区实现高产高效优质协调水稻生产的潜力型机械化种植方式。     

转基因抗虫棉sGK中3017良种繁育技术

总结归纳丰产转基因抗虫棉sGK中3017良种繁育技术.主要包括:良繁田选择、种子选择、田间管理、收获、检测等关键技术.     

5‐Aminolevulinic Acid Activates Antioxidative Defence System and Seedling Growth in Brassica napus L. under Water‐Deficit Stress

The present study assesses the effects of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA, 0, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg l^?1) on the growth of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. cv. ZS758) seedlings under water‐deficit stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000, 0 and ?0.3 MPa). Water‐deficit stress imposed negative effects on seedling growth by reducing shoot biomass, cotyledon water potential, chlorophyll content and non‐enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione and ascorbic acid) levels. On the other hand, water‐deficit stress enhanced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, enzymatic antioxidants activities, reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) and reduced/oxidized ascorbic acid (ASA/DHA) ratio in seedlings. Application of ALA at lower dosages (0.1 and 1 mg l^?1) improved shoot weight and chlorophyll contents, and decreased MDA in rape seedlings, whereas moderately higher dosage of ALA (10 mg l^?1) hampered the growth. The study also indicated that 1 mg l^?1 ALA improved chlorophyll content, but reduced MDA content and ROS production significantly under water‐deficit stress. Lower dosages of ALA (0.1 and 1 mg l^?1) also enhanced GSH/GSSG and ASA/DHA as compared to the seedlings under water‐deficit stress. The antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase) enhanced their activities remarkably with 1 mg l^?1 ALA treatment under water‐deficit stress. It was also revealed that 1 mg l^?1 ALA treatment alone induced the expression of APX, CAT and GR substantially and under water‐deficit stress conditions ALA treatment could induce the expression of POD, CAT and GR to a certain degree. These results indicated that 0.1–1 mg l^?1 ALA could enhance the water‐deficit stress tolerance of oilseed seedlings through improving the biomass accumulation, maintaining a relative high ratio of GSH/GSSG and ASA/DHA, enhancing the activities of the specific antioxidant enzymes and inducing the expression of the specific antioxidant enzyme genes.     

激光植物生长灯光处理对辣椒生长的影响

为了提高辣椒产量,争取提早上市,研究了激光植物生长灯对辣椒生长的影响。试验结果表明,激光植物生长灯处理可使辣椒现蕾期、始花期、始收期提前4~7 d,具有矮化辣椒苗、增加茎粗、提高现蕾率、增加辣椒苗期鲜质量及干质量的作用,使辣椒产量增加384.71 kg/667 m2,增产幅度达19.0%。     

Phosphate-limited growth and uptake kinetics of the marine prasinophyte Tetraselmis suecica (Kylin) Butcher

The marine prasinophyte Tetraselmis suecica was grown in a chemostat culture system over a series of phosphate-limited growth rates ranging from 0.164 to 0.755 d^? 1. The relationship between phosphate concentration and growth rate was well described by the Monod equation with a half-saturation constant of 3.45 nM. The kinetics of short-term uptake of phosphate spikes were well described by the Michaelis–Menten equation, maximum uptake rates being 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than associated growth rates. The relationship between cellular carbon-to-phosphorus ratios and growth rates was consistent with the Droop formulation of nutrient-limited growth, and chlorophyll a/carbon ratios were linearly related to growth rate. The protein content of the cells inferred from calculated nitrogen-to-carbon ratios ranged from a minimum of ~ 7% at zero growth rate to a maximum of ~ 59% at a relative growth rate of 1.0. Control of the relative growth rate of T. suecica via selection of the phosphate concentration in the growth medium and dilution rate of the culture appears to be an effective and practical way to manipulate the biochemical composition of this species in order to maximize its nutritional value to invertebrate consumers in aquaculture systems.     

浅谈提高大学日语听力水平的策略

听力是日语学习的一个重要方面,影响学生听力的因素是多方面的。笔者主要从词汇量的积累、背景知识的掌握、泛读与精读相结合及如何克服不良心理因素,培养综合处理听力等几方面论述了提高大学生日语听力能力的对策。     

复杂疾病的遗传咨询技术

复杂疾病大面积爆发使人们的生活健康面临着重大挑战。在这一环境下,遗传咨询在人们的生活中占据了越来越重要的地位。依据基因与环境互作共同影响个体健康的原理,咨询者在遗传咨询师的指导帮助下合理解决各种遗传学问题可以有效降低复杂疾病的发病率。目前国内的遗传咨询发展尚处于萌芽期,随着遗传咨询在健康领域的地位上升,该技术在未来将会进一步推广应用。